猪骨与软组织瓣尸体手术训练思路的多元化
猪骨与软组织瓣尸体手术训练思路的多元化
本文是猪模型解剖居家科研小组(https://pigmodelanatomy.cn)近3年经验总结的一部分,旨在强调猪骨与软组织瓣尸体手术训练思路的多元化。
第一,复习文献。
首先要复习经典的整形与重建外科书籍(比如,候春林主编的皮瓣外科学第三版,张春林主编的腓骨移植重建外科技术),确定研究的范围,获得皮瓣研究的整体认识。通过复习张春林主编的腓骨移植重建外科技术,我们获得了丰富的腓骨瓣背景知识,极大的丰富了我们论文的讨论部分,不过很可惜,根据审稿人意见,不建议引用书籍,所以该书籍被移出参考文献。(Zuo, Y, Qian J, Long P, et al. Vascular Anatomy and Harvesting of the Free Fibula Flap in Pig. Chinese Journal of Traumatology. July 2025 accepted.)
其次要用批判的眼光去复习专业期刊杂志,既可以获得某一研究领域的进展,也可能获得一些需要改进之处。比如,在现有VCA移植模型基础上,我们做了改进(Zuo, Y. Optimization of pig vascularized composite allotransplantation model on the basis of vascular anatomy. Eur J Plast Surg 48, 60 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-025-02325-2. Zuo Y. Miniaturization of porcine hindlimb model for vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation: anatomical research and technical note. Experimental and Clinical Transplantation. 2024; 22(12): 964-966.DOI: 10.6002/ect.2024.0269.)。在发现现有文献明显错误的基础上,我们予以勘误(Zuo Y. The real superior gluteal artery perforator flap model in pigs: An anatomical study with applications for translational research. Ann Anat. 2025 Aug 25;262:152714. doi: 10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152714. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 40865739. Zuo Y, Xiao S, Zhou, X. The gracilis flap model in pigs: an anatomical study with applications for translational research. Eur J Plast Surg 48, 5 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-024-02265-3. Zuo Y. Comments on “Anatomical Study of SCIAP (Superficial Circumflex Iliac Artery Perforator) and SIEA (Superificial Inferior Epigastric Artery) Flaps for Flap Harvest Training in the Swine Model”. Microsurgery. 2026 Feb;46(2):e70193. doi: 10.1002/micr.70193. PMID: 41676977. )
第二,虚心采纳审稿人的意见,不仅科研丰富本稿件的内容,也可能产生新的论文(我们目前已经产生3篇论著)。比如。有审稿人建议我们描述一下股骨髁瓣相关的局部血管解剖,我们成功发表了一本论文Zuo Y. vascular research of pig knee from the perspective of comparative medicine. Ann Vasc Surg. 2025 Jan 27;113:221-226. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2025.01.022. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 39864514. 有审稿人建议我们在猪后肢皮瓣基础上,描述一下整个猪后肢的血管解剖,我们成功发表了一篇论文Zuo Y, Yi L. The arterial tree in the pig hindlimb from a more comprehensive perspective: anatomical study with translational implications. Anat Sci Int. 2026 Feb 8. doi: 10.1007/s12565-026-00921-1. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 41655171. 有审稿人建议我们在讨论部分总结一下猪油灌注技术的经验,我们接收该建议并写了一篇论著投稿,目前已经小修,估计不久会在线发表。
第三,同行交流。通过本研究小组内交流,我们的研究领域逐渐从猪后肢,扩大到猪腹壁、前肢,从动脉皮瓣扩展到静脉皮瓣(Zuo, Y., Long, P., Zhou, X. et al. The venous system of the deep superior epigastric artery perforator flap in pigs: an anatomical study with applications for translational research. Eur J Plast Surg 48, 76 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00238-025-02341-2. Zuo Y. Anatomy and harvesting of the medial cubital flap in fresh pig cadavers infused with lard. Annals of Anatomy – Anatomischer Anzeiger, 2025, 152741, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2025.152741.)。
第四,向生活这位老师学习。为什么强调这一点,因为我们研究小组从中受益匪浅。我们不仅从生活中找到了适合我们研究的关键技术,也获得了两个很好的研究方向( Zuo Y, Xiao S, Xinchu Zhou, et al. The vascular anatomy and harvesting of the lateral femoral condyle flap in pigs. J Reconstr Microsurg(2024) DOI: 10.1055/a-2486-8741. Zuo Y, Yi L. The vascular anatomy and harvesting of the medial femoral condyle flap in pigs. Archives of Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 145, 57 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00402-024-05608-8. Zuo Y, Xiao S. Lard is a simple thermo-responsive and environmentally-friendly filler for vascular perfusion in cadaver surgical training. Anat Cell Biol. Published online March 18, 2025. doi:10.5115/acb.24.306.)。
第五,即便没有思路,也要多进行实验研究,或许会有意外的收获,我们研究小组第二项关键技术(发明专利申请中,暂不公开)就是在整理即将丢弃的标本时发现的。这不仅丰富为了我们的研究手段,也大大扩大了研究领域,预计会有5篇左右的论文产出。
总之,通过猪骨与软组织瓣尸体手术训练思路的多元化,我们在一定程度上摸索出了一条可持续发展的研究之路。
